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The nonradiative transition rates Adhere to the method WNR = W (0) exp(-alphap), in which p is the volume of phonons matching the Vitality hole. The nonradiative changeover rates of Er3+ exhibit temperature dependence in line with the multiphonon leisure idea. In Tm3+ the temperature dependence of nonradiative peace prices is intricate via the exis

GIA has examined lab-developed or manmade diamonds thoroughly in the last thirty a long time, and we know a terrific offer concerning the strategies employed to make them And exactly how they may be recognized.Although normal diamond crystals are likely to type as octahedrons, HPHT artificial diamond crystals typically have cubic faces In combinati